Introduction
Pregnancy is a remarkable journey, but it also places unique physical and hormonal demands on the body. Sometimes, maternity complications can arise that affect either the mother or the developing baby. Understanding the causes of maternity problems helps expectant mothers take preventive steps and receive proper prenatal care.
1. Hormonal Fluctuations
Hormones like progesterone, oestrogen, and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) are essential for maintaining pregnancy. However, imbalance or abnormal levels can lead to issues such as morning sickness, gestational diabetes, or risk of miscarriage.
2. Nutritional Deficiencies
Inadequate intake of iron, folic acid, calcium, and vitamins increases the risk of anaemia, preterm birth, and developmental delays in the baby. Malnutrition also weakens immunity, making the mother more prone to infection.
3. High Blood Pressure and Preeclampsia
Hypertension during pregnancy can restrict blood flow to the placenta, affecting foetal growth. Severe cases may cause swelling, headaches, or vision changes, requiring immediate medical attention.
4. Gestational Diabetes
This temporary form of diabetes develops when pregnancy hormones interfere with insulin. It can cause large-birth-weight babies and delivery complications if not managed with diet, exercise, or medication.
5. Infections and Poor Hygiene
Urinary tract infections, rubella, or untreated sexually transmitted infections can harm both mother and baby. Maintaining hygiene and getting vaccinated are essential preventive measures.
6. Age and Pre-Existing Health Conditions
Women under 18 or over 35 face higher risks due to immature or ageing reproductive systems. Conditions like thyroid imbalance, obesity, or heart disease can complicate pregnancy outcomes.
7. Lifestyle Factors
Smoking, alcohol consumption, drug use, and excessive caffeine can disrupt foetal development. Stress and lack of rest may further contribute to hormonal imbalance and high blood pressure.
8. Lack of Prenatal Care
Skipping regular antenatal visits means missing crucial screenings for gestational diabetes, infections, or anaemia. Early detection during routine check-ups ensures timely treatment and safer deliveries.
9. Environmental and Work-Related Factors
Exposure to toxins, radiation, or strenuous physical work increases risk for premature labour and low birth weight. Pregnant women should ensure safe workplace practices and adequate rest.
Prevention and Healthy Practices
- Eat balanced meals rich in fruits, vegetables, and protein.
- Stay hydrated and take prenatal supplements as prescribed.
- Engage in light, regular exercise with medical approval.
- Get adequate sleep and manage stress.
- Attend all antenatal appointments for monitoring and advice.
Conclusion
Most maternity problems are preventable with awareness, proper nutrition, and consistent medical supervision. Early diagnosis and timely intervention reduce risks for both mother and baby. At Horizon Naupada, comprehensive prenatal and maternal-care programs ensure every pregnancy receives the attention, safety, and support it deserves
